That hopeful era appears to be over, or at least on pause. Although this multilateral order was always incomplete and uneven, it did facilitate the emergence of something historically unprecedented: a dense and expanding network of international institutions-including treaties, organizations, and collective frameworks-that permitted an increasing degree of collective management, even governance, across multiple global spheres. While its ultimate importance awaits history’s judgment, Moscow’s aggression and subsequent seizure of its neighbor’s sovereign territory violated fundamental precepts of international law enshrined in the UN Charter, shaking the already weakened institutional foundations of the open international system that the United States and its closest allies promoted after 1945 and sought to globalize after the end of the Cold War.
Most obviously, what rules, precisely, are we talking about? What domains do they cover, and what is their scope and depth? Where are existing rules adequate, and where do they need to be updated, jettisoned, or created de novo? Finally, where do the attitudes of major global players converge or diverge on such matters-and are there prospects of narrowing the gaps that exist?ĭebate over the state and future of world order has intensified in the wake of Russia’s unprovoked invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, which many observers interpret as an era-defining event. Over the past decade, innumerable Western policymakers and pundits have lamented the erosion of the “rules-based international order.” At the same time, they have left tricky questions unanswered. Indeed, such normative contestation has become a defining feature of contemporary international relations, undermining the institutional foundations of world order and presenting major impediments to multilateral cooperation at a time of global turbulence and great power confrontation. Each reveals disagreement over the principles and rules that should govern the behavior and define the obligations of sovereign states in world politics. These four vignettes appear disconnected, but they share something in common. The BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) have described the CBAM as discriminatory, and they and other governments may well lodge a formal complaint with the WTO.
Although the EU contends that the measure is compatible with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, that opinion is not universal. Slated to take effect in October 2023, the CBAM will impose taxes on carbon-intensive imports from trading partners with less stringent emissions requirements than European nations. The heavily bracketed text-replete with suggestions for alternative treaty language-revealed sharp differences among UN member states (as well as private corporations and civil society representatives), including over matters like equitable access to vaccines and sovereign exemptions from global rules.Īt about the same time, the EU signed into law its new Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). Among the most contentious topics was the latest draft of a proposed pandemic treaty, intended to close loopholes in-and strengthen compliance with-the International Health Regulations (IHR), a set of legally binding rules defining the rights and responsibilities of countries in cross-border public health emergencies.
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Indeed, they face powerful geopolitical and economic incentives to unilaterally accelerate the pace of national AI innovation.Īlso in May 2023, the World Health Assembly (WHA) convened in Geneva for its annual meetings to consider how to improve pandemic preparedness and response in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. Despite these and other growing dangers, national governments are nowhere near an international agreement on how to regulate the use of such technologies. This came on top of warnings from national security experts that growing reliance on AI would transform the nature of warfare-perhaps even increase the risk of nuclear war.
Had the two ships collided, the world might have witnessed the first violent clash between the two superpowers of the twenty-first century.Ī few days earlier, several hundred technologists released a statement declaring that breathtaking advances in artificial intelligence (AI) threatened human extinction. A Chinese warship, seeking to harass the vessels, came within 150 yards of the bow of the Chung-Hoon, forcing the latter to take evasive action. They did so in defiance of the Chinese government, which had declared these to be its sovereign waters. On the morning of June 3, 2023, the American destroyer Chung-Hoon and Canadian frigate Montréal entered the Taiwan Strait to conduct freedom of navigation operations.
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